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Authors
Hou, Xu
Richardson, Tyrique
Heckman, Michael G.
Fiesel, Fabienne C.
White, Launia J.
Koga, Shunsuke
Ross, Owen A.
Dickson, Dennis W.
Springer, Wolfdieter
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mayo Clinic Alzheimer Disease Research Center
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (U54NS110435)
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Article History
Received: 19 August 2025
Revised: 11 November 2025
Accepted: 19 November 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Declarations
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: Mayo Clinic, F.C.F. and W.S. hold a patent related to PRKN activators (Small Molecule Activators of Parkin Enzyme Function, US patent, 11401255B2; August 02, 2022). All other authors declare they have no competing interests. This research was conducted in compliance with Mayo Clinic conflict of interest policies.
: All brain samples are from autopsies performed after approval by the legal next-of-kin. Research on de-identified postmortem brain tissue is considered exempt from human subjects’ regulations by the Mayo Clinic Institutional Review Board.
