Taylor, Lewis W. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6014-3734
Simzer, Elizabeth M. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7043-1450
Young, Lauren F. P. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1612-1555
Holt, Kristján https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3903-6361
Spires-Jones, Tara L. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2530-0598
Durrant, Claire S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7552-7358
Funding for this research was provided by:
UK Dementia Research Institute (UKDRI-Edin005)
Race Against Dementia (RADF-2019a-001)
James Dyson Foundation
Alzheimer's Society (AS-PG-21-006)
Article History
Received: 19 November 2025
Revised: 24 November 2025
Accepted: 25 November 2025
First Online: 11 December 2025
Declarations
:
: Claire Durrant has no direct conflicts of interest with this study but receives funding from ONO Pharmaceuticals for a separate project. Tara Spires-Jones has no direct conflicts of interest with this study but has received payments for consulting, scientific talks, or collaborative research over the past 10 years from AbbVie, Sanofi, Merck, Scottish Brain Sciences, Jay Therapeutics, Cognition Therapeutics, ONO Pharmaceuticals, and Eisai. She is also a charity trustee for the British Neuroscience Association and the Guarantors of Brain and serves as a scientific advisor to several charities and non-profit institutions. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.