Konings, Julia
Mingneau, Fleur
Chornyi, Serhii
Hansen, Cathrin E.
van der Burgt, Rianne T. M.
van Elk, Tessa G.
Bolkaerts, Laura
Batens, Bo
Tóth, Gábor
Lanekoff, Ingela
Vaz, Frédéric M.
Cardilli, Alessio
Sels, Marie
van der Pol, Susanne M. A.
de Vries, Helga E.
Giera, Martin
Werz, Oliver
Kessels, Sofie
Verberk, Sanne G. S.
Bogie, Jeroen F. J.
Rijnsburger, Merel
Hendriks, Jerome J. A.
Kooij, Gijs
Funding for this research was provided by:
Stichting MS Research (23-1220MS)
Stichting MS Research (18-1023MS)
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (11M1722N)
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (1SH6G24N)
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (11L8322N)
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (G0A3R24FWO)
Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (12B1I24N)
Amsterdam UMC Doctoral School PhD Scholarship 2024 (2014092)
Universiteit Hasselt (22DOC05BOF)
Universiteit Hasselt (25IU03BOF)
Vetenskapsrådet (2023-03384)
European Research Council (101041224-X-CELL)
H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (813294)
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (917190305)
Health~Holland
Article History
Received: 13 January 2026
Revised: 6 June 2026
Accepted: 1 July 2026
First Online: 4 August 2026
Change Date: 5 September 2026
Change Type: Update
Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised due to given name of the author Alpana was incorrectly published as Rianne T. M. van der Brugt . Now, the author name has been corrected.
Change Date: 4 September 2026
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00401-026-03081-8
Declarations
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethics approval and consent to participate: All donors or their next of kin provided fully informed consent for autopsy and use of material for research from the Netherlands Brain Bank under ethical approval by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Free University Medical Center in Amsterdam (2009/148), project number 1,127. The generation of hiPSC from an NNC was approved by the LUMC Scientific Ethical Committee and informed consent was obtained (NL45478.058.13/P13.080). All animal experiments were performed according to institutional guidelines and were approved by the Ethical Committee for Animal Experiments of Hasselt University under ethical matrix number ID202426.
Consent for this publication: Not applicable.