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Article History

Received: 4 September 2021

Accepted: 3 July 2022

First Online: 23 August 2022

Declarations

:

: No benefits in any form have been received or will be received related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article. One of the authors (DR) received royalties from Wright Medical (Memphis, TN, USA) for elbow plates in the amount of less than USD 10,000 per year and from Skeletal Dynamics for an internal joint stabilizer elbow in the amount of between 10,000 and 100,000 USD per year. One of the authors certifies that he (DR) is a Deputy Editor for Hand and Wrist, Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma, and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research® and has received or may receive payments or benefits in the amount of USD 5000 per year. One of the authors certifies that he (DR) received honoraria from meetings of the AO North America (Wayne, PA, USA), AO International (Davos, Switzerland), and various hospitals and universities. The rest of the authors have no relevant financial or nonfinancial interests to disclose. The rest of the authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article. The rest of the authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or nonfinancial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. The rest of the authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.

: This study received approval from the Institutional Review Board of the University of Texas at Austin. This study has been performed in accordance with the ethical standards in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki. This study has been carried out in accordance with relevant regulations of the US Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). The study number assigned to this study is 2019-01-0148.