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Article History

Received: 25 October 2022

Accepted: 21 May 2023

First Online: 4 June 2023

Declarations

:

: Author Cass Nakasone receives royalties as a design surgeon and consulting fees from Ortho Development Corporation and is a consultant for OrthoGrid Systems. Cass Nakasone has no other relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. All other authors certify that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article.

: This retrospective chart review study involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The Hawai’i Pacific Health Research Institute (local Western Institutional Review Board) approved this study.

: This was a retrospective chart review and data collected were deidentified and presented as large-scale, aggregate data. Therefore, no informed consent was obtained or required by the IRB.