Sun, Qiaoqiao
Xu, Ying
Hong, Xiaodan
Dai, Ming
Wang, Jianping
Xie, Hao
Fu, Zicai
Article History
Received: 3 January 2026
Accepted: 23 April 2026
First Online: 9 May 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable. This study used the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), a publicly available and de-identified database; therefore, institutional review board approval and informed consent were not required.
: Not applicable.