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Authors
Lin, Yu-Chih
Chang, Chih-Hsiang
Hsieh, Pang-Hsin
Huang, Yu-Yi
Chen, Dave W.
Lau, Ngi-Chiong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CORPG5N0021)
Chang Gung Medical Foundation (CORPG5N0022)
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Article History
Received: 25 June 2026
Accepted: 9 August 2026
First Online: 22 August 2026
Declarations
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests.
Ethical approval and consent to participate: This retrospective cohort study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (IRB No. 202200675B0). The requirement for written informed consent was waived by the IRB owing to the retrospective nature of the study.
