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Authors
Choe, James
Yan, Allison
Xia, Eric
Gaurav, Ahana
Bensellam, Nora
Charrow, Alexandra
LaChance, Avery
Mostaghimi, Arash
Margolis, David
Pusic, Andrea
Barbieri, John S.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (1K23AR078930)
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Article History
Received: 5 May 2025
Revised: 5 May 2025
Accepted: 16 December 2025
First Online: 3 January 2026
Declarations
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: Dr Barbieri reported personal fees from Honeydew Care and Sanofi Pasteur for consulting outside the submitted work. Dr. Mostaghimi has received consulting fees from Pfizer, hims, Digital Diagnostics, Concert, Lilly, and AbbVie as well as licensing/royalties from Pfizer and Concert and holds equity in and is on the advisory board for hims and Figure 1. No other disclosures were reported.
: This study received ethical approval on October 5, 2023 by the Mass General Brigham Institutional Review Board (2023P002604).
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
