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Authors
Guirguis, Christopher A. https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7215-0566
Ching, Lauren M. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4257-7107
McKendrick, Lindsay https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7197-4482
Patton, Timothy https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0391-9181
Le, Thomas https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0899-4671
Tung, Joe K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7162-3975
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Article History
Received: 29 August 2025
Revised: 25 November 2025
Accepted: 21 December 2025
First Online: 10 January 2026
Declarations
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: Dr. Tung is or has been a clinical trials investigator, consultant, or speaker for AbbVie, Alumis, Amgen, Apogee, Arcutis, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Incyte, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Sanofi, Sun Pharmaceutical, Takeda, and UCB. All other authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
: The All of Us IRB approved the All of Us protocol and materials before recruitment of the participants into the All of Us database.
