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Article History

Received: 6 September 2025

Revised: 11 January 2026

Accepted: 6 February 2026

First Online: 17 February 2026

Declarations

:

: D. Orsini has been a speaker and/or consultant for Abbvie, LeoPharma, UCB, Bristol-Meyer-Squibb and Boehringer- Ingelheim. M.C. Fargnoli has served on advisory boards, received honoraria for lectures and/or research grants from AMGEN, Almirall, Abbvie, Boehringer-Ingelheim, BMS, Galderma, Kyowa Kyrin, Incyte, LEO Pharma, Pierre Fabre, UCB, Lilly, Pfizer, Janssen, MSD, Novartis, Sanofi, Regeneron, Sun Pharma. A. Narcisi has served on advisory boards, received honoraria for lectures and research grants from Almirall, AbbVie, BMS, Leo Pharma, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme, Amgen and Boehringer Ingelheim. L. Ibba has been a consultant for Almirall. A.Balato has received honoraria for participation in advisory boards, meetings, or as speaker for AbbVie, Celgene, Janssen-Cilag, Eli Lilly, Novartis Pharma, Pfizer, Sanofi-Genzyme, and UCB Pharma. M. Burlando has acted as a speaker and consultant for AbbVie, Janssen, Amgen, Novartis, Eli Lilly, UCB Pharma. A. Campanati has served as a speaker, consultant or advisory board member for Abbvie, Almirall, Amgen, Eli-Lilly, Leo Pharma, Janssen-Cilag, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis, Boehringer Ingelheim and UCB Pharma. C. G. Carrera has served as a board participant or speaker for Abbvie, Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Celgene, Almirall and Leopharma. A. Carugno has been a speaker and/or consultant for Almirall, Amgen, Abbvie, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Leo Pharma, Janssen-Cilag, Novartis, UCB Pharma. A. Costanzo has been a consultant and/or speaker for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Janssen, Leo Pharma, Eli Lilly, Galderma, Boehringer, Novartis, Pfizer, Sandoz, and UCB. E. Cozzani acted as a speaker or consultant for Abbvie, Almirall, Eli Lilly, Leo-Pharma, Novartis. A. Dattola has served as a speaker, consultant or advisory board member for Abbvie, Almirall, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Leo Pharma, Janssen, Novartis, Boehringer Ingelheim and UCB Pharma outside the submitted work. F. M. Gaiani acted as a speaker or consultant for Novartis, Abbvie, Eli Lilly, Celgene, LeoPharma and Almirall. L. Gargiulo has been a consultant and/or speaker and has participated to advisory boards for Abbvie, Almirall, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, Sanofi and UCB Pharma. G. Girolomoni served as consultant and/or speaker for AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Biogen, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Bristol- Meyers Squibb, Eli- Lilly, LeoPharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Samsung, Sanofi and UCB. C. Guarneri has been a scientific consultant/speaker/clinical study investigator for Abbvie, Celgene, Janssen, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, Almirall and LEO Pharma. C. Lasagni declares a conflict of interest with Abbvie, Novartis, Lilly and Almirall. F. Loconsole served on advisory boards and/or received honoraria for lectures from Abbvie, Janssen-Cilag, Novartis, Lilly and Sanofi. P. Malagoli has been a speaker for AbbVie, Lilly, Novartis, Janssen-Cilag, Celgene, Leopharma, and Almirall. AV. Marzano reports consultancy/advisory boards disease-relevant honoraria from AbbVie, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi and UCB. L. Mastorino served as speaker and advisory board member for LeoPharma, Almirall, Novartis, Eli Lilly, Accord, PierreFabre, UCB and Johnson and Johnson. G. Pellacani has served as speaker/consultant for Abbvie, Amgen, Almirall, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Leopharma, Novartis, UCB outside the submitted work. S. Ribero received research grant/travel / consultancy from Abbvie, Allmiral, Leo Pharma, J&J, L’Oreal, Sanofi, Sandoz, UCB, Eli Lilly, Novartis, BMS, Incyte. E. Trovato is involved in an intermittent project focused on consulting and/or advisory relationships or/and travel-congress support with Eli-Lilly, Novartis, Janssen-Cilag, Abbvie and Almirall. N. Zerbinati was a scientific director of Matex Lab. M. Megna acted as a speaker or consultant for Abbvie, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Leo-Pharma, and Novartis. N. Cameli, L. Potestio, C. Assorgi, EV. Di Brizzi, A. Di Tano, V. Dini, M. Maurelli, F. Messina, A. Michelucci and M. Travaglini have nothing to declare.

: Ethical approval was not required, as the study involved retrospective data collection without deviation from routine clinical care. All participants had provided written informed consent for the use of their anonymized clinical data during standard clinical visits. The study complied with the Declaration of Helsinki.

: The patients in this manuscript have given written informed consent to publication of their case details.