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Authors
Hwang, Jonathan C. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6415-9369
Li, Mingyue https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0907-0358
Chang, Michael S. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0435-8643
Ziad, Amina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3973-862X
Trepanowski, Nicole https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5885-1009
Giovannucci, Edward L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6123-0219
Hartman, Rebecca I. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5559-9100
Nan, Hongmei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9957-616X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institutes of Health (U01 CA186107 and R01 CA49449)
National Institutes of Health (U01 CA186107 and R01 CA49449)
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Article History
Received: 25 January 2025
Revised: 18 July 2025
Accepted: 9 February 2026
First Online: 26 February 2026
Declarations
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: All authors declare no competing interests.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants in the Nurses’ Health Study I and II at the time of enrollment for the use of their data in research. No additional consent was required for this secondary analysis since only de-identified data were used.
: This study was approved by the Brigham and Women’s Hospital Institutional Review Board (1999P011117).
