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Article History

Received: 21 November 2025

Revised: 21 November 2025

Accepted: 6 May 2026

First Online: 20 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Raj Chovatiya has served as an advisor, consultant, speaker, and/or investigator for AbbVie, Acelyrin, Alumis, Amgen, AnaptysBio, Apogee Therapeutics, Arcutis Biotherapeutics, Argenx, Astria Therapeutics, Avalere Health, Beiersdorf, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cara Therapeutics, Castle Biosciences, Celldex Therapeutics, CLn Skin Care, Dermavant, Eli Lilly and Company, EMD Serono, Formation Bio, Forte Biosciences, Galderma, Genentech, GSK, Incyte, Imagene Bio Inc., Johnson & Johnson, Kenvue, Kowa Pharmaceuticals America, LEO Pharma, L’Oréal, Nektar Therapeutics, Nia Health, Novartis, Opsidio, Organon, Pfizer, RAPT, Regeneron, Sanofi, Sitryx, SUN Pharma, Takeda, TRex Bio, UCB, Zai Lab. Aashna Farishta, Nicole Bavaro, and Christy Chang have no conflicts of interest to declare.

: This study does not require ethics approval as it did not involve human participants, animal subjects, or identifiable personal data.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.