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Authors
Zhu, Caroline https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3732-6031
Nitsch, Alejandra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-3704
Nezafati, Kaveh https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3944-4368
Vandergriff, Travis https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6577-3838
Zhang, Song https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9364-4053
Tang, Yixin https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5844-8424
Mihalic, Angela https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-0254
Thomas, Cristina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6464-322X
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Article History
Received: 3 November 2025
Revised: 24 February 2026
Accepted: 6 May 2026
First Online: 27 May 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study utilized de-identified survey data from the Texas Seeking Transparency in Application to Residency (STAR) database and was determined to be exempt from institutional review board oversight.
