Document is current

Article History

Received: 11 September 2025

Accepted: 21 October 2025

First Online: 6 January 2026

Declarations

:

: JPG reports receiving consulting or advisory fees as well as honoraria from AstraZeneca, GSK, Abbvie, Eisai, Esteve, and MSD. In addition, the author has received travel and/or meeting support from Abbvie and MSD. SH reports receiving grants or contracts from Novartis, payment or honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Clovis, Abbvie, Daiichi Sankyo, Astra Zeneca, GSK, Eisai, Lilly, Immunogen, Gilead, MSD as well as support for attending meetings and/or travel from Novartis and Pfizer. The author participated on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board from Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Clovis, Astra Zeneca, GSK, Eisai, Lilly, MSD, Gilead. TA reports receiving support for attending meetings and/or travel from AstraZeneca and AbbVie. BH reports receiving study fees from Novartis, Astra, Roche and support for attending meetings and/or travel from Lilly. The author has participated in Advisory Boards from Roch, Novartis, Lilly and on a Data Safety Monitoring Board from Lilly. TE reports receiving honoraria from AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Daiichi Sankyo, Gilead, GSK, MSD, Novartis, Pierre Fabre, Pfizer, Roche, and Stemline. The author has received travel and/or meeting support from AbbVie, Daiichi Sankyo, GSK, Gilead, Eli Lilly, Pierre Fabre, and Novartis. The author has participated on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board for AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Gilead, GSK, MSD, Novartis, and Stemline. SA reports receiving honoraria from Novartis, Lilly, Stemline, and AstraZeneca. The author has received travel and/or meeting support from Pierre Fabre, AstraZeneca, and AbbVie. The author has participated on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board for GSK, Novartis, AstraZeneca, and Stemline. HMH reports employment and/or a leadership role at Christliches Klinikum Paderborn and MVZ Medico. The author has received consulting or advisory fees from Roche, BMS, Janssen, MSD, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Ipsen, Lilly, BeiGene, Stemline, Novartis, Pfizer, Daiichi-Sankyo, and Merck. The author has also received honoraria from these companies as well as from neo-connect GmbH and DocCheck. The author declares no ownership of stocks or shares, no patents or licenses, and no industry-sponsored research funding. RW reports receiving support for attending meetings and/or travel from GSK. The author also participated on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board for MSD. GO reports receiving honoraria from Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, Esteve, Pfizer, DaiichiSankyo, AstraZeneca, MSD, Gilead as well as support for attending meetings and/or travel from Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, DaiichiSankyo, AstraZeneca, AMGEN, MSD and Gilead. SK reports receiving honoraria from AstraZeneca as well as support for attending meetings and/or travel from MSD and AstraZeneca. EB reports receiving grants from AstraZeneca, Biontech, GSK, Immunogen/AbbVie, TORL Bio, MSD, Eli Lilly and Company, NOGGO, Incyte, IQVIA, Roche. The author has received personal consulting fees from GSK, FirstWordGroup, Clarivate Analystics UK Limited, Windrose, Humanitas and personal honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events from AstraZeneca, GSK, Immunogen/AbbVie, MSD, NOGGO, Pharma&, Regeneron, TORL Bio, Tubulis, European Commission, QUIP, Discovery Life Sciences Biomarker Services. The author participated in advisory boards from AstraZeneca, GSK, Immunogen/AbbVie, MSD, Myriad, Pharma&, Regeneron, TORL Bio, Tubulis. The author is also a member of Board of Directors, Medical Director of the study group NOGGO. JS reports receiving research funding from Roche Pharma, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Clovis Oncology, GlaxoSmithKline, Lilly, Iqvia, Mural, and MSD. The author has received honoraria from GlaxoSmithKline, PharmaMar, AstraZeneca, Clovis Oncology, Bayer, Roche Pharma, Vifor Pharma, Hexal AG, Novartis Pharma, Eisai, Esteve Pharmaceuticals, Incyte Biosciences, Phytolife Nutrition, JenaPharm, Kyowa Kirin, Oncoinvent AS, Daiichi, Medtronic Covidien, AMGEN, AbbVie, Corcept Therapeutics, Gilead Sciences, and Myriad. The author has also received consulting or advisory fees from Merck/Pfizer, PharmaMar, Clovis Oncology, AstraZeneca, Roche Pharma, GlaxoSmithKline, MSD, Eisai, Novocure, Oncoinvent, Intuitive Surgical, Seagen, Bayer Vital, Mundipharma, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Immunogen, Tubulis GmbH, Daiichi Sankyo, Bristol Myers Squibb, Karyopharm Therapeutics, and Corcept Therapeutics. All other authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.