Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82403060)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82273229)
the Natural Science Youth Foundation of Henan Province (242300420385)
the key project of provincial and ministry joint construction in 2023 (SBGJ202302074)
Gynecologic and Obstetric Surgery, the key medical support discipline of Henan Province in 2024.
Article History
Received: 7 October 2025
Accepted: 2 January 2026
First Online: 9 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (Approval Number: 2025-KY-1420-001).
: Due to the retrospective observational study, the ethics committee granted an exemption for informed consent.