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Article History

Received: 12 December 2025

Accepted: 6 January 2026

First Online: 4 February 2026

Declarations

:

: AE: Honoraria from Novartis and AstraZeneca; DD: Honoraria from AstraZeneca, Gilead, Novartis, Daiichi Sankyo, Onkowissen, Oncologics, and Pfizer; travel support from Gilead and Daiichi Sankyo; JE: Honoraria from AstraZeneca; ADH: Speakers bureau for Roche, Novartis, Lilly, MSD, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Seagen, GSK, ExactScience, Gilead, Menarini Stemline, Pfizer, and Eisai. Honoraria from Roche, Novartis, Lilly, MSD, AstraZeneca, Seagen, GSK, ExactScience, Riemser, Teva, Onkowissen, Gilead, Menarini Stemline, Pfizer, Amgen, Pierre Fabre, Eisai, and Daiichi Sankyo. Consulting/advisory role for Roche, Novartis, MSD, AstraZeneca, GSK, ExactScience, Riemser, Teva, Onkowissen, Gilead, Menarini Stemline, Pfizer, Amgen, Pierre Fabre, and Daiichi Sankyo. Travel support from Roche, Novartis, Lilly, AstraZeneca, GSK, ExactScience, Gilead, Menarini Stemline, Pfizer, and Daiichi Sankyo. Research grants from ExactScience and Veracyte. Authorship honoraria from AstraZeneca and Menarini Stemline; SYB: Honoraria from Roche, Novartis, Pfizer, MSD, Teva, and AstraZeneca; LLV: Honoraria from Novartis; TE: Honoraria from Abbvie, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Gilead, GSK, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, and Roche. Consulting/advisory role for AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Gilead, GSK, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Roche, and Stemline. Travel support from Abbvie, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Novartis, Pfizer, and Stemline. All remaining authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

: This study was conducted in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and received approval from the Ethics Committee of the University Hospital of Tübingen (800/2022BO2).