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Authors
Chen, Lin
Yang, Wei
Liu, Li
Shen, Huimin
Wang, Chao
Wang, Ruijing
Li, Qiao
Liu, Yu
Di, Zhixin
Lv, Nan
Huang, Xin
Liu, Meimei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Scientific Research Special Fund Project of the Wu Jieping Medical Foundation (320.67502024-03-35)
the Key Project of Medical and Health Scientific Research in Heilongjiang Province (20250505030003)
the Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation Joint Fund Cultivation Project (PL2025H115)
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Article History
Received: 8 January 2026
Accepted: 4 April 2026
First Online: 28 April 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University. The entire research process strictly complied with the Declaration of Helsinki of the World Medical Association and relevant national and local ethical norms to ensure the scientificity and ethics of the research design.
: All pregnant women participating in this study were fully informed of the research purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. All research subjects signed written informed consent forms. The data related to the fetuses included in the study have been anonymized to strictly protect the personal privacy and information security of the research subjects.
: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University (Approval No.: YJSKY2022-412).
: Given the retrospective use of anonymized existing clinical data, a waiver of informed consent was approved by the ethics committee; written informed consent was obtained from all participants enrolled in the prospective arm of the study, in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
