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Article History

Received: 16 May 2025

Accepted: 21 July 2025

First Online: 15 October 2025

Declarations

:

: This retrospective study was carried out using the opt-out method for the case series of our hospital. The study was approved by the Approval Letter of Ethics Review Committee, Children’s Hospital of Shanghai and was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Informed consent was waived by our Institutional Review Board because of the retrospective nature of our study.

: The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for publication of the images in Figures 1-4.

: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.