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Authors
Alghamdi, Abdullah S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3151-3859
Saati, Faisal A.
Alkhammash, Salma
Bulkhi, Adeeb A.
Muathen, Sumaiya H.
Abu Suliman, Omar A.
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Article History
Received: 10 June 2025
Accepted: 21 August 2025
First Online: 18 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Review Board at King Abdullah Medical City in Saudi Arabia (identifier: 25-1377).
: All data were anonymized to protect patient confidentiality. Due to the retrospective nature of the research, the requirement for informed consent was waived.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: ASA.
: We used AI tools only to improve the English language for clarity. All writing, data, and citations were done solely by the authors, with no AI involvement in the content itself.
