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Authors
Yang, Jiaxin
Zhu, Lingyan
Tang, Wenqi
Feng, Xiao
Jiang, Siqiong
Hu, Yuli
Liu, Yupu
Dong, Lingkang https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8686-1651
Yu, Dongzhen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Nursing Sub-discipline Construction Project of Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SHLYHLXK-2025-02)
Youth Scientific Research Project of Shanghai Nursing Association (2024QN-B06)
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Article History
Received: 28 July 2025
Accepted: 7 November 2025
First Online: 2 December 2025
Declarations
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: This study uses publicly available data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database, provided by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). The GBD study has received ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board of the University of Washington. As the data used in this study is de-identified and publicly available, no additional ethical approval or informed consent was required for this research.
: Not applicable.
: All authors declare no competing interests.
