Document is current

Article History

Received: 13 March 2025

Accepted: 1 August 2025

First Online: 28 August 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. A.H. was a member of advisory boards and received paid speakership by Boehringer-Ingelheim, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Rovi, and Recordati. He received paid speakership by AbbVie and Advanz. He is editor of the AWMF German guidelines for schizophrenia. MG is chair person of the German federal association of sexualized substance use (BISS) and received honorariums for talks from several HIV- and drug counseling centers. Furthermore, he received honorariums from Gilead sciences and travel expenses for a conference journey and is medical consultant of the district of swabia for addiction issues. TR received travel expenses and congress fees from the Sanofi company. SR received travel support and congress fees from MedXpert. Within the past five years, MT has received speakers or advisory honoraria and travel support from Novartis, Amgen, Roche, Celgene, Janssen, Klinikum Stuttgart, ConEvent, MedUpdate, Sirtex, COCS, FOMF, Klinikum Esslingen, VHS Stadtbergen. All other authors declare that they do not have any conflicts of interest.

: The study involving human participants was reviewed and approved by the ethics committee of the Medical Faculty of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Germany (Ref. 21–0583) and was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as defined in the Declaration of Helsinki.

: The participants provided their written informed consent to participate in this study.