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Article History

Received: 3 March 2025

Accepted: 9 December 2025

First Online: 21 January 2026

Declarations

:

: UZ received grants from the European Research Council (ERC), the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the German Research Foundation (DFG), and consulting fees from CorTec GmbH, all not related to this work. AJF received grants from the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the German Research Foundation (DFG), all not related to the current work. PM received grants from the German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) and the German Research Foundation (DFG), all not related to the current work. CZ, BZ and GK declare an interest in the sync2brain GmbH, Tübingen, Germany, a spin-off start-up company that was formed to commercialize the real-time EEG analysis technology used in this study. The other authors declare that they have no competing interests.

: The study was approved on November 7, 2022 by this ethics committee under project number 529/2019BO1 (see Appendix for approval documents). The study will be conducted in accord with the latest version of the declaration of Helsinki and in accord with the professional code of conduct. Please see the additional files for the original ethical approval and the English translation.

: Not applicable. This study protocol manuscript does not contain any identifiable individual data.

: Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants or, respectively, their representatives prior to study enrollment.