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Article History

Received: 28 February 2025

Accepted: 14 April 2025

First Online: 13 May 2025

Change Date: 31 May 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: Figure 1 has been update with high resolution.

Declarations

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: AH has received consulting fees from Trevi Therapeutics, Inc. AHM has received consulting fees from Bayer, Bellus Health Inc., Merck & Co, NeRRe Therapeutics, Shionogi Inc., and Trevi Therapeutics, Inc.; lecture fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck & Co, and Chiesi Farmaceutici; and grant support from Bayer, Bellus Health Inc., Merck & Co, Nocion Therapeutics, Philips Pharma Group, NeRRe Therapeutics, Shionogi Inc., and Trevi Therapeutics, Inc. CPP has received consulting fees from Eurodrug Laboratories, Recipharm, Arcede Pharma, GlycoSynnovation, and Angelini Pharma not related to this review and is an NED for Ananda Developments Ltd. PVD has received consulting fees from Bayer, Bellus Health Inc., Chiesi Farmaceutici, Hyfe, Merck & Co, and Trevi Therapeutics, Inc. SBM has received consulting fees from Bellus Health Inc., Merck & Co, NeRRe Therapeutics, Reckitt Benckiser, Chiesi Farmaceutici, and Trevi Therapeutics, Inc.; and grant support from Merck & Co and Reckitt Benckiser. SSB has received consulting fees from Bellus Health Inc., Merck & Co, Genentech, NeRRe Therapeutics, Nocion Therapeutics, and Trevi Therapeutics Inc.; lecture fees from AstraZeneca; and grant support from Merck & Co. TMM has received consultancy or advisory board fees from AbbVie Pharmaceuticals, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, CSL Behring, Endeavor BioMedicines, FibroGen, Inc., Galapagos, Galecto, Inc., GlaxoSmithKline, IQVIA, Merck & Co, Pliant Therapeutics, Pfizer, Qureight, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Structure Therapeutics, Trevi Therapeutics, Inc., and Vicore Pharma. TS is employed by Trevi Therapeutics, Inc., as Chief Scientific Officer and a Corporate Officer.