Article History
Received: 11 February 2025
Accepted: 24 May 2025
First Online: 5 July 2025
Declarations
:
: Author JD and AB declare that they have no financial interests. Author DS has received personal fees from Aerogen, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Cipla, CSL Behring, Epidendo, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Glenmark, Gossamerbio, Kinaset, Menarini, Novartis, Orion, Pulmatrix, Sanofi, Synairgen, Teva, Theravance and Verona.
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
: Not applicable.
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted for study protocols by North West—Greater Manchester East Research Ethics Committee (05/Q1402/41; 14/NW/0048; 12/NW/0632) and North Manchester Research Ethics Committee (08/H1006/54).