Document is current

Article History

Received: 15 October 2025

Accepted: 16 November 2025

First Online: 5 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no conflicts of interest that could be considered to influence the content of this manuscript. The following financial relationships are disclosed, though they are not directly related to this work: YK has received research grants from MSD life foundation and personal fees from GSK, Novartis Pharma, AstraZeneca, Sanofi, and Kyorin. KF has received research grants from Novartis Pharma and GSK. SF has received personal fees from AstraZeneca and Eli Lilly. HO has received a research grant from Boehringer Ingelheim. AN reports personal fees from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Kyorin, GSK, MSD, Shionogi, Bayer, Sanofi, Taiho, and Boehringer Ingelheim, and research grants from Astellas, Kyorin, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, MSD, Daiichi Sankyo, Taiho, Teijin, Ono, Takeda, and Sanofi Pharmaceutical.

: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Gamagori City Hospital (approval number: 290–10, approval date: December 25, 2022) and registered with the UMIN Clinical Trial Registry (UMIN000050453). Furthermore, it was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology criteria for cross-sectional studies.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: Not applicable.