Updates are available Correction dated 2025-09-17
Click to view Correction: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-025-03606-y
-
Authors
Wulff, Alexandra https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4050-4855
Dipnall, Joanna F. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7543-0687
Fernandez, Richard G. D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2087-8633
Cheshire, Emma C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8346-5326
Biggs, Michael J. P. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4357-3709
de Boer, Hans https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8590-0945
Rowbotham, Samantha K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6798-4273
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Westpac Scholars Trust (Future Leaders Scholarship)
Department of Education, Australian Government (Research Training Program Scholarship)
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 5 August 2024
Accepted: 11 November 2024
First Online: 23 November 2024
Change Date: 8 April 2025
Change Type: Update
Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised: In the original version of the manuscript, Tables 2 and 3 have minor content changes related to the variable Truck velocity at impact (km/h). In the final paragraph of the Results (page 6), the chi-square statistic for impact velocity has a minor correction. Figure 3 needs to be updated due to a coding error. The original article has been corrected.
Change Date: 17 September 2025
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-025-03606-y
Declarations
:
: This retrospective study using human data was undertaken in accordance with the ethical standards of all relevant research committees and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Ethics approvals for this study were obtained from the following organisations: the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine’s (VIFM) Research Advisory and Ethics Committee (Project ID: 1236); the National Coronial Information System (NCIS) Research Committee (M0505); the Coroners Court of Victoria Research Committee (RC 476); and the Department of Justice and Community Safety Human Research Ethics Committee (CF/22/25761). The VIFM ethics approvals were ratified by the East Midlands Forensic Pathology Unit (EMFPU). The EMFPU currently holds ethics approvals from the National Research Ethics Service (REC reference 04-Q2501-64) and the University Hospitals of Leicester Research and Development Office (UHL 09523).
: A waiver for consent was granted under VIFM and NCIS ethics approvals for the Australian cases. Informed consent for the English cases was obtained from next of kin.
: One of the co-authors is a member of the Advisory Board of this journal.
