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Article History

Received: 12 March 2025

Accepted: 22 June 2025

First Online: 8 July 2025

Declarations

:

: Ethical approval for the study was granted by the Human Research Ethics Committee at the Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University (Approval no. EC6704-020). The approval was granted under the ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, the Belmont Report, the CIOMS Guidelines, and the International Conference on Harmonization in Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP).

: Not applicable.

: All procedures performed in this retrospective study involving human participants, based on anonymized clinical records, were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committees and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The ethical boards responsible for this study approved the waiver of informed consent due to its retrospective nature.

: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interests.

: Not applicable.