Document is current

Article History

Received: 26 July 2025

Accepted: 9 December 2025

First Online: 23 December 2025

Declarations

:

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee at the Radiology Department at Na Homolce Hospital in Prague, Charles University Ethics Committee, Ethics Committee of the University of Aix-Marseille: Faculty of Medicine in Marseille, Ethics Committee at the Alexandria Faculty of Medicine approved the study. All data were anonymized, tagged only with the age and sex of the individuals. This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.

: Informed consents were obtained from all individual participants included in Czech and Frech sample. In the Danish dataset, consent has been obtained from the relatives of all deceased individuals for working with anonymized data and only imaging material. In the Slovak and Egyptian samples, data were retrospectively collected from a database of clinical CT scans and were anonymized – informed consent is not applicable due to the retrospective nature of the study.

: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

: Not applicable.