Hongmin, Yuan
Shuhui, Gao
Zhibin, Wei
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Dual-First Class Innovation Research Program of the People's Public Security University of China (2023SYL06)
Article History
Received: 11 September 2025
Accepted: 9 December 2025
First Online: 2 January 2026
Declarations
:
: This study is a computational simulation utilizing a publicly available finite element model (THUMS). As it does not involve human participants, animal subjects, or personal data, ethical approval was not required for this research.
: The authors declare no conflict of interest.