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Authors
Ermida, Catarina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4995-8266
Morgado, Miguel https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9455-1206
Cunha, Eugénia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2998-371X
Ferreira, Maria Teresa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2437-7780
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universidade de Coimbra
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Article History
Received: 29 July 2025
Accepted: 28 December 2025
First Online: 19 January 2026
Declarations
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: The 21 st Century Identified Human Skeletal Collection has a positive legal approval from the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Coimbra (CE_026.2016). Clavicles from autopsies performed at the INMLCF.IP., Centre and South Branch (approved by the Ethics Commission of the INMLCF.IP., no code available and CE-21/2021, respectively). Archaeological sample used with the consent of the curator of the Valle da Gafaria osteoarchaeological collection at the time of the sample recovery (no code available). The authors certify that the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
