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Authors
Karabag, Gokmen
Bozdag, Mustafa
Er, Ali
Baccino, Eric
Ekizoglu, Oguzhan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0194-595X
Martrille, Laurent
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Health Sciences
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Article History
Received: 30 December 2025
Accepted: 13 February 2026
First Online: 2 March 2026
Declarations
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: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was planned retrospectively and for this type of study formal consent is not required. This study was approved by the Manisa Celal Bayar University Ethics Committee (Approval No: 1191392/2025).
: Not applicable. The study was retrospective and based exclusively on anonymised data.
: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
: This study was conducted as a retrospective analysis of fully anonymised computed tomography examinations obtained from existing institutional databases. All data were irreversibly de-identified prior to analysis, and no additional imaging, intervention, or direct contact with participants was performed. Therefore, human ethics approval and consent to participate were not applicable.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
