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Article History

Received: 10 February 2026

Accepted: 27 May 2026

First Online: 5 June 2026

Declarations

:

: This study did not require approval by an Institutional Review Board or Ethics Committee, as it was based exclusively on medico-legal autopsies performed for judicial purposes and involved no living human participants. All procedures were conducted in accordance with national regulations governing forensic autopsy practice and in compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, as applicable to post-mortem research. According to Italian regulations, studies based exclusively on medico-legal autopsies performed for judicial purposes do not require formal approval from an ethics committee, as no interventions are performed on living subjects and data are collected within the scope of legal investigation.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: All participating operators provided informed consent for inclusion in the study.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.