Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Malaya
Article History
Received: 25 March 2026
Accepted: 28 May 2026
First Online: 5 June 2026
Declarations
:
: Ethics approval was granted by the Medical Ethics Committee, Faculty of Dentistry (IRB Reference Number: DF OS 1909/0042(P)). All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008 (5).
: Participants were informed of the potential use of their radiological data for teaching and research purposes, and written consent was obtained from the participants (or their parent or legal guardian in the case of children under 16).
: Not applicable.
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
: The authors declare no competing interests.