Document is current

Article History

Received: 16 March 2026

Accepted: 21 June 2026

First Online: 30 June 2026

Declarations

:

: The study utilized judicial autopsy cases and forensic examination conducted as part of a court-commissioned investigation. The study was conducted under the approval of the Ethics Committee of the Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba (No. G314) and was performed in accordance with the committee guidelines and regulations. The animal experiment was independently approved by the Animal Care Committee of the University of Tsukuba.

: Written informed consent was obtained from legal guardians or close family members if contact could be made. If there were no legal guardians with whom we were able to contact, informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of the Institute of Medicine, University of Tsukuba (No. G314).

: The authors declare no competing interests.