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Article History

Received: 27 April 2020

Revised: 20 May 2020

Accepted: 22 May 2020

First Online: 28 May 2020

Compliance with ethical standards

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: Olfa Kaaouana, Nicolas Bricout, Barbara Casolla, François Caparros, Lucie Della Schiava, François Mounier-Vehier, Marco Pasi, Jean-Pierre Pruvo, Hilde Hénon report no conflict of interest. Nelly Dequatre-Ponchelle reports participation in drug trials with Boehringer-Ingelheim (honoraria paid to the hospital). Charlotte Cordonnier reports participation in symposia organized by Boehringer-Ingelheim and Pfizer and advisory board by BMS (honoraria paid to Adrinord); drug trials with Boehringer-Ingelheim, Servier, Astra-Zeneca, Biogen (honoraria paid to the hospital); she is vice-president of the European Stroke Organisation (unpaid), member of DSMBs for institutional trials (ATTEST 2, United Kingdom; FIV-HeMA, France) (unpaid); and she received research support from the French Ministry of Health (A3ICH trial). Didier Leys reports participation in symposia organized by Boehringer Ingelheim, Bayer, BMS and Pfizer (honoraria paid to Adrinord), drug trials with Boehringer-Ingelheim (honoraria paid to the hospital); he is editor of-in-chief of the European Journal of Neurology (honoraria paid to Adrinord), vice president of the scientific committee of the <i>Fondation de Recherche sur les AVC</i> (unpaid); is member of the scientific committee of the Servier Institute (unpaid); and was member of DSMBs for institutional trials (unpaid) (INCH, Germany; TARDIS, United Kingdom; and TO-ACT, the Netherlands). He received research support from a grant of the University of Heidelberg (Germany) for the ECASS4 trial paid to the hospital.

: Didier Leys. Univ. Lille, Inserm U1172-1, CHU Lille.