Document is current

Article History

Received: 10 January 2021

Revised: 3 February 2021

Accepted: 4 February 2021

First Online: 5 March 2021

Compliance with ethical standards

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: Tolga D Dittrich reports no disclosures. Sira Baumann reports no disclosures. Saskia Semmlack reports no disclosures.Gian Marco De Marchis was or is supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation; Science Funds of the University Hospital Basel and University of Basel; Bangerter-Rhyner-Stiftung; Swisslife Jubiläumsstiftung for Medical Research; Swiss Neurological Society; Fondazione Dr. Ettore Balli; De Quervain research grant; Thermo Fisher GmbH. He received travel honoraria by Bayer and speaker honoraria by Medtronic and BMS/Pfizer. Sabina Hunziker reports no disclosures. Stephan Rüegg received unconditional research grants from UCB-pharma. He received honoraria from serving on the scientific advisory boards of Desitin, Eisai, GSK, and UCB-pharma, travel grants from GSK, Janssen-Cilag, UCB-pharma, speaker fees from UCB-pharma and from serving as a consultant for Eisai, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen-Cilag, Pfizer, Novartis, and UCB-pharma. He does not hold any stocks of any pharmaceutical industries or manufacturers of medical devices. He received funding from UCB-pharma, Novartis, and Swiss National Science Foundation Grants: grant number 320030_169379/1 and co-applicant for grants numbers 33CM30_125115/1 and 33CM30_140338/1; he disclosed that he is the past-president of the Swiss League against Epilepsy (no payments), Editor of German League against Epilepsy (no payments), and Editor of the Swiss EEG Bulletin (payments from UCB); he received honoraria from serving on the scientific advisory boards of Arvelle, Desitin, Eisai, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), and UCB-pharma, travel grants from GSK, Janssen-Cilag, UCB-pharma, speaker fees from UCB-pharma and from serving as a consultant for Arvelle, Eisai, GSK, Janssen-Cilag, Pfizer, Novartis, Sandoz, and UCB-pharma. Stephan Marsch reports no disclosures. Sarah Tschudin-Sutter is a member of the Astellas and MSD Advisory Boards for C. difficile, of the Pfizer Antiinfectives Advisory Board for and reports grants from the Swiss National Science Foundation NRP72 (407240_167060), the Bangerter-Rhyner Stiftung, the Fonds zur Förderung von Lehre und Forschung der Freiwilligen Akademischen Gesellschaft Basel, and the Jubiläumsstiftung from Swiss Life. Raoul Sutter received research grants from the Swiss National Foundation (No 320030_169379), the Research Fund of the University Basel, the Scientific Society Basel, and the Bangerter-Rhyner Foundation. He received personal grants from UCB-pharma and holds stocks from Novartis, Roche, Alcon, and Johnson & Johnson.

: Prior to the initiation of the study the Swiss ethics committee (Ethikkommission Norwest- und Zentralschweiz) approved the study concept in compliance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments and waived patients’ consent.