Bucello, Sebastiano
Annovazzi, Pietro
Ragonese, Paolo
Altieri, Marta
Barcella, Valeria
Bergamaschi, Roberto
Bianchi, Alessia
Borriello, Giovanna
Buscarinu, Maria Chiara
Callari, Graziella
Capobianco, Marco
Capone, Fioravante
Cavalla, Paola
Cavarretta, Rosella
Cortese, Antonio
De Luca, Giovanna
Di Filippo, Massimiliano
Dattola, Vincenzo
Fantozzi, Roberta
Ferraro, Elisabetta
Filippi, Maria Maddalena
Gasperini, Claudio
Grimaldi, Luigi Maria Edoardo
Landi, Doriana
Re, Marianna Lo
Mallucci, Giulia
Manganotti, Paolo
Marfia, Girolama Alessandra
Mirabella, Massimiliano
Perini, Paola
Pisa, Marco
Realmuto, Sabrina
Russo, Margherita
Tomassini, Valentina
Torri-Clerici, Valentina Liliana Adriana
Zaffaroni, Mauro
Zuliani, Cristina
Zywicki, Sofia
Filippi, Massimo
Prosperini, Luca http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3237-6267
Article History
Received: 14 January 2021
Revised: 8 February 2021
Accepted: 9 February 2021
First Online: 22 February 2021
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. Pietro Annovazzi: consulting and/or lecture fees from Mylan, Roche, Almirall e Merck, Biogen, Genzyme, Novartis and Teva. Valeria Barcella: personal compensation for advisory boards and/or speaker’s honoraria from Almirall, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche and Sanofi-Genzyme. Roberto Bergamaschi: personal compensation for scientific advisory boards from Biogen and Almirall; funding for travel and speaker honoraria from Sanofi-Aventis, Genzyme, Biogen, Bayer Schering, Teva, Merck Serono, Almirall, Roche and Novartis; research support from Merck Serono, Biogen Idec, Teva, Bayer Schering, Novartis, Sanofi-Aventis. Giovanna Borriello: travel grants and lecture fees from Almirall, Biogen, Genzyme, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Teva. Maria Chiara Buscarinu: advisory board membership and honoraria for speaking from Teva, Novartis, Sanofi, Merck Serono, and Biogen. Graziella Callari: personal fees from Biogen and Sanofi; travel funding from Bayer, Biogen, and Merck. Marco Capobianco: personal compensation for advisory boards or speaker’s honoraria from Almirall, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme and Teva. Fioravanti Capone: travel grants from Biogen, Merck and Sanofi-Genzyme. Paola Cavalla: personal compensation for advisory boards from Biogen Idec, Teva, Almirall, Sanofi-Genzyme and Merck-Serono; honoraria as a speaker from Biogen, Merck-Serono, Teva, Roche, Novartis and Sanofi-Genzyme; travel grants from Biogen, Merck-Serono, Teva, Roche, Novartis and Sanofi-Genzyme. Antonio Cortese: honoraria for speaking and travel grants from Biogen, Sanofi-Genzyme, and Teva. Giovanna De Luca: travel grants and/or speaker honoraria from Merck-Serono, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme and Biogen. Massimiliano Di Filippo: personal compensation for advisory boards, speaker or writing honoraria, and funding for travelling from Bayer, Biogen, Genzyme, Merck, Mylan, Novartis, Roche and Teva. Roberta Fantozzi: travel grants and/or speaker honoraria from Biogen, Merck and Roche. Massimo Filippi: Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Neurology; compensation for consulting services and/or speaking activities from Bayer, Biogen, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, Takeda, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries; research support from Biogen, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Italian Ministry of Health, Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla, and ARiSLA (Fondazione Italiana di Ricerca per la SLA). Claudio Gasperini: personal compensation for advisory boards from Biogen, Teva, Bayer, Genzyme and Merck; honoraria as speaker from Biogen, Merck, Almirall, Bayer, Teva, Roche, Novartis and Sanofi-Genzyme. Luigi Maria Edoardo Grimaldi: scientific advisory board for Merck Serono; funding for travel or speaker honoraria from Merck Serono, Biogen, Sanofi-Aventis, Bayer Schering and Solvay Pharmaceuticals, Inc.; institutional research support form Teva Pharmaceuticals Industries Ltd, Biogen, Genzyme Corporation, Sanofi-Aventis, Merck Serono, Novartis and Eisai Inc.; research support from Merck Serono, Biogen and Ministero della Salute of Italy. Doriana Landi: travel funding from Biogen, Merck, Sanofi, Teva; speaking or consultations fees from Sanofi, Merck, Teva, Biogen, Roche. Girolama Alessandra Marfia: advisory board membership for Biogen, Genzyme, Merck-Serono, Novartis, and Teva; honoraria for speaking or consultation fees from Almirall, Bayer Schering, Biogen Idec, Genzyme, Merck Serono, Novartis, and Teva. Massimiliano Mirabella: membership of scientific advisory boards for Bayer Schering, Biogen, Sanofi-Genzyme, Merck, Novartis, Teva; consulting and/or speaking fees, research support or travel grants from Almirall, Bayer Schering, Biogen, CSL Behring Sanofi-Genzyme, Merck, Novartis, Teva, Roche, Ultragenix. Paola Perini: speaking honoraria and/or consultant fees from Biogen, Merck Serono, Teva, Novartis and Genzyme. Luca Prosperini: consulting fees from Biogen, Celgene, Novartis and Roche; speaker honoraria from Biogen, Genzyme, Merck Serono, Mylan, Novartis and Teva; travel grants from Biogen, Genzyme, Novartis and Teva; research grants from the Italian MS Society (Associazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla) and Genzyme. Mauro Zaffaroni: grants for participating in advisory boards or attending scientific meetings from Biogen, Merck, Novartis and Sanofi-Genzyme. Cristina Zuliani: speaker’s honoraria and consulting fees, honoraria for advisory boards, support for attendance of scientific meetings from Almirall, Bayer Shering, Biogen, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, and Teva. MA, AB, RC, VD, EF, MMF, MLR, GM, PM, MP, PR, MR, VT, VLAT-C, SZ, report no conflict of interest.
: The present study was conducted in accordance with specific national laws and the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Given its retrospective design, in no way this study did interfere with the care received by patients.