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Article History

Received: 24 March 2022

Revised: 5 May 2022

Accepted: 10 May 2022

First Online: 19 May 2022

Declarations

:

: M. Azzimonti has nothing to disclose. R. Fazio has nothing to disclose. A. Giordano has nothing to disclose. M. Tagliapietra reports a training grant from Pfizer and received support for attending scientific meetings from Alnylam. M. Ferrarini has nothing to disclose. M.A. Rocca received speaker honoraria from Bayer, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Genzyme, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, and Teva, and receives research support from the MS Society of Canada and Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla. G.M. Fabrizi served on Advisory Boards for Alnylam, Akcea and Pharnext-Vitaccess, received speaker fees from Akcea and support for attending scientific meetings by Pfizer and Akcea. M. Filippi is Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Neurology and Associate Editor of Radiology, Human Brain Mapping and Neurological Sciences, received compensation for consulting services and/or speaking activities from Almiral, Alexion, Bayer, Biogen, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Genzyme, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, and receives research support from Biogen Idec, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Italian Ministry of Health, Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla, and ARiSLA (Fondazione Italiana di Ricerca per la SLA); B Colombo has nothing to disclose.

: The Ethics Committee of San Raffaele Scientific Institute waived the need for ethics approval for publication of case reports.

: Written informed consent was obtained from patients for the usage of clinical data in anonymized fashion.

: Written informed consent was obtained from patients to publish their anonymized data and clinical history.