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Article History

Received: 3 August 2022

Revised: 15 September 2022

Accepted: 16 September 2022

First Online: 24 September 2022

Declarations

:

: E Pagani has nothing to disclose relevant to the manuscript; L Storelli has nothing to disclose relevant to the manuscript; P Pantano received funding for travel from Novartis, Genzyme, Bracco and Biogen; speaker fees from Biogen and research support from Italian MS Society; N Petsas received speaker fees from Biogen and mission support from Genzyme and Novartis; G. Tedeschi has received compensation for consulting services and/or speaking activities from Biogen, Novartis, Merck, Genzyme, Roche, Teva, and receives research support from Biogen Idec, Merck Serono and Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla; A Gallo received honoraria for speaking and travel grants from Biogen, Merck Serono, Sanofi-Genzyme, Teva, Mylan, Roche and Novartis; N De Stefano declares personal fees from Biogen-Idec, Celgene, Sanofi-Genzyme, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche and Teva, grants from Merck Serono, Novartis and the Italian MS Society, and non-financial support from Biogen-Idec, Sanofi-Genzyme, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche and Teva; M Battaglini has nothing to disclose relevant to the manuscript; MA Rocca received consulting fees from Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Roche; and speaker honoraria from Bayer, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Bromatech, Celgene, Genzyme, Merck Healthcare Germany, Merck Serono SpA, Novartis, Roche and Teva. She receives research support from the MS Society of Canada and Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla. She is Associate Editor for <i>Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders</i>. M. Filippi is Editor-in-Chief of the <i>Journal of Neurology</i>, Associate Editor of <i>Human Brain Mapping</i>, Associate Editor of <i>Radiology</i>, and Associate Editor of <i>Neurological Sciences</i>; received compensation for consulting services from Alexion, Almirall, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi; speaking activities from Bayer, Biogen, Celgene, Chiesi Italia SpA, Eli Lilly, Genzyme, Janssen, Merck-Serono, Neopharmed Gentili, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda and TEVA; participation in Advisory Boards for Alexion, Biogen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Sanofi-Aventis, Sanofi-Genzyme, Takeda; scientific direction of educational events for Biogen, Merck, Roche, Celgene, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lilly, Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme; he receives research support from Biogen Idec, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Italian Ministry of Health, Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla and ARiSLA (Fondazione Italiana di Ricerca per la SLA).

: Approval was received from the local ethical standards committee of each center (Protocol ID: FISM 2013/S/1), and written informed consent obtained from all participants at the time of data acquisition according to the declaration of Helsinki.