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Article History

Received: 31 July 2024

Revised: 2 September 2024

Accepted: 5 September 2024

First Online: 17 September 2024

Declarations

:

: V. Castelnovo has nothing to disclose; E. Canu has received research supports from the Italian Ministry of Health; E.N. Aiello serves as an Editorial Board Member for <i>BMC Neurology</i>; B. Curti, E. Sibilla, S.Torre, F. Freri, C. Tripodi, and L. Lumaca have nothing to disclose; E. G. Spinelli, P. Schito, T. Russo, and Y. Falzone have nothing to disclose; F. Verde is Associated Editor for <i>Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease</i>; V. Silani received compensation for consulting services and/or speaking activities from AveXis, Cytokinetics, Italfarmaco, Liquidweb S.r.l., Novartis Pharma AG, Amylyx Pharmaceuticals, Biogen, and Zambon Biotech SA; receives or has received research supports from the Italian Ministry of Health, AriSLA, and E-Rare Joint Transnational Call. He is in the Editorial Board of <i>Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Degeneration</i>, <i>European Neurology</i>, <i>American Journal of Neurodegenerative Diseases</i>, <i>Frontiers in Neurology</i>; N. Ticozzi received compensation for consulting services from Amylyx Pharmaceuticals and Zambon Biotech SA. He is Associate Editor for <i>Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience</i>; V.E. Sturm, K.P. Rankin, and M.L. Gorno-Tempini have nothing to disclose; B. Poletti received compensation for consulting services and/or speaking activities from Liquidweb S.r.l. She is Associate Editor for <i>Frontiers in Neuroscience</i>; M. Filippi is the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Neurology, Associate Editor of Human Brain Mapping, Neurological Sciences, and Radiology, received compensation for consulting services from Alexion, Almirall, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, speaking activities from Bayer, Biogen, Celgene, Chiesi Italia SpA, Eli Lilly, Genzyme, Janssen, Merck-Serono, Neopharmed Gentili, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, and TEVA, participation in Advisory Boards for Alexion, Biogen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Sanofi-Aventis, Sanofi-Genzyme, Takeda, scientific direction of educational events for Biogen, Merck, Roche, Celgene, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lilly, Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme, and he receives research support from Biogen Idec, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, the Italian Ministry of Health, the Italian Ministry of University and Research, and Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla; F. Agosta is Associate Editor of NeuroImage: Clinical, has received speaker honoraria from Biogen Idec, Italfarmaco, Roche, Zambon and Eli Lilly, and receives or has received research supports from the Italian Ministry of Health, the Italian Ministry of University and Research, AriSLA (Fondazione Italiana di Ricerca per la SLA), the European Research Council, the EU Joint Programme—Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND), and Foundation Research on Alzheimer Disease (France).

: Before participating, all participants provided written informed consent according to the Declaration of Helsinki. The local ethical standards committee on human experimentation approved the study protocol.