Document is current

Article History

Received: 20 June 2024

Revised: 4 September 2024

Accepted: 7 September 2024

First Online: 19 September 2024

Declarations

:

: M. Margoni reports grants and personal fees from Sanofi Genzyme, Merck Serono, Novartis and Almiral. She was awarded a MAGNIMS-ECTRIMS fellowship in 2020. P. Valsasina and D. Mistri have nothing to disclose. L. Moiola received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with Sanofi Genzyme, Novartis, Teva, Merck Serono, Biogen, Roche, and Excemed. Prof. M. Filippi is Editor-in-Chief of the <i>Journal of Neurology</i>, Associate Editor of <i>Human Brain Mapping</i>, <i>Neurological Sciences,</i> and <i>Radiology</i>; received compensation for consulting services from Alexion, Almirall, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi; speaking activities from Bayer, Biogen, Celgene, Chiesi Italia SpA, Eli Lilly, Genzyme, Janssen, Merck Serono, Neopharmed Gentili, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, and TEVA; participation in Advisory Boards for Alexion, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Sanofi-Aventis, Sanofi Genzyme, Takeda; scientific direction of educational events for Biogen, Merck, Roche, Celgene, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lilly, Novartis, Sanofi Genzyme; he receives research support from Biogen Idec, Merck Serono, Novartis, Roche, the Italian Ministry of Health, the Italian Ministry of University and Research, and Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla. Prof. M.A. Rocca received consulting fees from Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Roche; and speaker honoraria from AstraZaneca, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Bromatech, Celgene, Genzyme, Horizon Therapeutics Italy, Merck Serono SpA, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi and Teva. She receives research support from the MS Society of Canada, the Italian Ministry of Health, the Italian Ministry of University and Research, and Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla. She is Associate Editor for <i>Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders</i>.

: Approval was received from the local ethical standards committee on human experimentation (Protocol ID: 25/2007). Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects prior to study participation according to the Declaration of Helsinki.