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Article History

Received: 24 July 2024

Revised: 6 November 2024

Accepted: 7 November 2024

First Online: 7 January 2025

Declarations

:

: Massimo Filippi is Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Neurology, Associate Editor of Human Brain Mapping, Associate Editor of Radiology, and Associate Editor of Neurological Sciences; received compensation for consulting services from Alexion, Almirall, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi; speaking activities from Bayer, Biogen, Celgene, Chiesi Italia SpA, Eli Lilly, Genzyme, Janssen, Merck-Serono, Neopharmed Gentili, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, and Teva; participation in Advisory Boards for Alexion, Biogen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Sanofi-Aventis, Sanofi-Genzyme, Takeda; scientific direction of educational events for Biogen, Merck, Roche, Celgene, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lilly, Novartis, Sanofi-Genzyme; he receives research support from Biogen Idec, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Italian Ministry of Health, Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla, and Fondazione Italiana di Ricerca per la SLA; Paolo Gallo has been a consultant and member of Advisory Board for Bayer Schering, Biogen Italy, Genzyme, Merck-Serono, Almirall, Roche and Novartis Farma; has received funding for travel and speaker honoraria from Merck-Serono, Biogen Idec, Sanofi-Aventis, Novartis-Pharma, Teva, Roche, Sandoz, Almirall and Bayer-Schering Pharma; has received research support from Bayer, Biogen Italy, Merk-Serono, Genzyme, Roche, Novartis and Teva. Claudio Gasperini received fee as speaker and advisory board by Almirall, Biogen, Merck, Sanofi, Novartis, Astra Zeneca, Sandoz, Roche. Girolama Alessandra Marfia has served as an advisory board member and received speaker honoraria, congress, travel and accommodation expense compensations from Alexion, Almirall, Merck Serono, Amgen, Bayer, Janssen Cilag, Bristol Myers-Squibb, Novartis, Roche, Biogen and Sanofi Genzyme. Carlo Avolio received honoraria for speaking, consultation fees and research grants from Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, BMS, Alexion, Amgen. He is an Advisory Board member of Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, BMS, Alexion, Amgen. Roberto Bergamaschi has served on scientific advisory boards, received funding for travel, speaker honoraria, research support from Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb/Celgene, Janssen, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme. Marco Capobianco received personal compensation for consulting from Alexion, Biogen, Roche, Novartis, Sanofi, and Merck; research grant from Roche, Novartis and FISM. Michele Dotta has served on scientific advisory boards and received funding for travel and meeting participation, speaker honoraria, research support from Abbvie, Biogen, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme. Luigi M.E. Grimaldi in the last two years has served on scientific advisory boards, received funding for travel, speaker honoraria, research support from Biogen, Novartis, Merck, Roche, Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen, Sanofi-Genzyme, Alexion. Giacomo Lus has served on scientific advisory boards, received funding for travel, speaker honoraria, research support from Alexion, Horizon, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb/Celgene, Janssen, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme. Eugenio Pucci during the 36 months prior to the submission, has received research support from "Associazione Marchigiana Sclerosi Multipla e altre malattie neurologiche—ODV-ETS. Rocco Quatrale has nothing to disclose. Carmen Angioletti, Maria Cristina Gallottini, Simone Parretti, Luca Pinto: IQVIA employment; IQVIA received professional service fees from Biogen. Sveva Sanzone and Francesco Pavone: are employees of and may hold stock/stock options in Biogen.