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Article History

Received: 11 July 2024

Revised: 24 September 2024

Accepted: 8 October 2024

First Online: 12 December 2024

Declarations

:

: MM was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (MI 709/2–1) and by the German Heredo Ataxia Society (DHAG) and received honoraria unrelated to this research from Biogen, and travel expenses from Boston Scientific. TK received support from the Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Servier. Within the last 24 months, he has received consulting fees unrelated to this research from UCB and Vico Therapeutics. LW has previously received funding grants and institutional support from the German Research Foundation, Hilde-Ulrichs-Stiftung für Parkinsonforschung, and the ParkinsonFonds Germany, BMBF/ERA-NETNEURON, DFG Forschergruppe (FOR1328), Deutsche Parkinson Vereinigung (DPV), Forschungskommission, Medizinische Fakultät, HHU Düsseldorf, UCB; Medtronic, UCB, Teva, Allergan, Merz, Abbvie, Roche, Bial, Merck, Novartis, Desitin, Spectrum. Author Lars Wojtecki owned stock in company BioNTech SE. Lars Wojtecki is consultant to the following companies: TEVA, UCB Schwarz, Desitin, Medtronic, Abbott/Abbvie, MEDA, Boehringer I, Storz Medical, Kyowa Kirin, Guidepoint, Merck, Merz, Synergia, BIAL, Zambon, Sapio Life, STADA, Inomed. Vertanical. KA had received received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant No. 101147319 (EBRAINS 2.0 Project). AS was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (TRR 295), unrelated to this research. He received consulting fees unrelated to this research from Abbott, Zambon, and Abbvie. Unrelated to this research, he received speaker honoraria from bsh medical communication, Abbott, Kyowa Kirin, Novartis, Abbvie, and Alexion. SJG received consulting fees / honoraria unrelated to this research from Abbott, Abbvie, Bial and Inomed. JV received consulting fees unrelated to this research from Abbott, Boston Scientific, Medtronic. Unrelated to this research, he received speaker honoraria from bsh medical communication, Abbott, Boston scientific, Novartis. The other authors report no competing interests.

: The study was approved by the respective Institutional Review Boards and have therefore been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of the University of Bonn, Germany (No.15/99) and by Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of the University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany (No. 11-4678). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.