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Article History

Received: 26 October 2024

Revised: 18 December 2024

Accepted: 20 December 2024

First Online: 15 January 2025

Declarations

:

: Soe Mar participates in clinical trials funded by Roche. Massimiliano Valeriani is Chief Editor of Pain Research and Management and Associate Editor of Frontiers in Neurology and BMC Neurology; received compensation for speaking activities from Novartis and Roche; and participates in clinical trials funded by F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Amgen, Biogen, Eli Lilly, and Alexion. Barbara Steinborn participates in clinical trials funded by F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Biogen, and Novartis. Teri Schreiner has received consultancy fees from Roche and Cycle Pharmaceuticals. She has received support from the National MS Society and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and she participates in clinical trials funded by Roche. Emmanuelle Waubant is funded by the National Institutes of Health, National MS Society, Department of Defense, Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers, Race to Erase MS, and Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute. She is a site investigator for trials with Biogen, Alexion, and Roche. She has received honoraria for talks from Yoga Moves MS, Neurology Live, and Advanced Curriculum. Massimo Filippi is Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Neurology and Associate Editor of Human Brain Mapping, Neurological Sciences, and Radiology; received compensation for consulting services from Alexion, Almirall, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, and Sanofi; received fees for speaking activities from Bayer, Biogen, Celgene, Chiesi Italia SpA, Eli Lilly, Genzyme, Janssen, Merck-Serono, Neopharmed Gentili, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, and Teva; participated in advisory boards for Alexion, Biogen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Sanofi-Aventis, Sanofi-Genzyme, and Takeda; provided scientific direction of educational events for Biogen, Merck, Roche, Celgene, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Novartis, and Sanofi-Genzyme; and receives research support from Biogen Idec., Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, the Italian Ministry of Health, the Italian Ministry of University and Research, and Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla. Katarzyna Kotulska is a principal investigator in Roche, Novartis, and Biogen clinical studies; and has participated in advisory boards for Roche, Biogen, and Novartis. Maria Mazurkiewicz-Beldzinska is a principal investigator in Roche clinical studies and has participated in advisory boards for Roche. Alexandra Hogea, Joanna Evershed, and Chien-Ju Lin are employees of and shareholders in Roche Products Ltd. Yun-An Shen is an employee of Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA, and a shareholder in F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Heidemarie Kletzl, Corinne Manlius, Ulrike Bonati, and Bouchra El Azzouzi are employees of and shareholders in F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. Brenda Banwell has served as a consultant to Novartis, Biogen, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, UCB, Teva Neuroscience, Janssen, and the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center.