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Article History

Received: 20 November 2024

Revised: 9 January 2025

Accepted: 11 January 2025

First Online: 24 January 2025

Declarations

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: The authors declare that they have no competing interests in relation to this work. Potential conflicts of interest outside the submitted work are as follows: M Zavarella, G Cecchetti, G Rugarli, A Ghirelli, I Bottale, F Orlandi, EG Spinelli, R Santangelo, F Caso, SF Calloni, PQ Vezzulli, A Falini, and G Magnani have nothing to disclose. F Agosta is Associate Editor of NeuroImage: Clinical, has received speaker honoraria from Biogen Idec, Italfarmaco, Roche, Zambon, and Eli Lilly, and receives or has received research supports from the Italian Ministry of Health, the Italian Ministry of University and Research, AriSLA (Fondazione Italiana di Ricerca per la SLA), the European Research Council, the EU Joint Programme–Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND), and Foundation Research on Alzheimer Disease (France). M. Filippi is the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Neurology, Associate Editor of Human Brain Mapping, Neurological Sciences, and Radiology; received compensation for consulting services from Alexion, Almirall, Biogen, Merck, Novartis, Roche, and Sanofi; speaking activities from Bayer, Biogen, Celgene, Chiesi Italia SpA, Eli Lilly, Genzyme, Janssen, Merck-Serono, Neopharmed Gentili, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda, and TEVA; participation in Advisory Boards for Alexion, Biogen, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Merck, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi, Sanofi-Aventis, Sanofi-Genzyme, and Takeda; scientific direction of educational events for Biogen, Merck, Roche, Celgene, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Lilly, Novartis, and Sanofi-Genzyme; he receives research support from Biogen Idec, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, the Italian Ministry of Health, the Italian Ministry of University and Research, and Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla.

: The present study was conducted in accordance to the Helsinki Declaration (Fortaleza revision, 2013) and with the European and Italian regulations. Patients described in the case report have given informed consent for the use of personal information for research and scientific publication purposes.