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Article History

Received: 19 November 2024

Revised: 16 January 2025

Accepted: 21 January 2025

First Online: 11 February 2025

Declarations

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: The ethics committee of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Cologne approved the study (Identifier: 21–1291). The clinical trial [] was conducted following the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and prospectively registered in the German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS00024898). All participants gave written informed consent.

: AO received grants from the Koeln Fortune Program (grant-no. 329/2021, 142/2023), Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, and the “Novartis-Stiftung für therapeutische Forschung”, and a scholarship within the Thiemann Visitor Program of the Prof. Klaus Thiemann Stiftung. VV has no conflict of interest. SR received a scholarship within the Thiemann Visitor Program of the Prof. Klaus Thiemann Stiftung. DS receives a doctoral scholarship from the German Academic Scholarship Foundation outside the submitted work and declares no non-financial competing interests. GRF serves as an editorial board member of Cortex, Neurological Research and Practice, NeuroImage: Clinical, Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie, and Info Neurologie & Psychiatrie; receives royalties from the publication of the books Funktionelle MRT in Psychiatrie und Neurologie, Neurologische Differentialdiagnose, SOP Neurologie, and Therapiehandbuch Neurologie; receives royalties from the publication of the neuropsychological tests KAS and Köpps; received honoraria for speaking engagements from Deutsche Gesellschaft für Neurologie (DGN) and Forum für medizinische Fortbildung FomF GmbH; receives funding from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (CRC 1451; Project-ID 431549029). MS received grants from the Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung (grant number 2019_EKES.02). MS is receiving funding from the program "Netzwerke 2021", an initiative of the Ministry of Culture and Science of the State of Northrhine Westphalia. The Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) is funded within the framework of the funding programme ACCENT (funding code 01EO2107. EK received grants from the German Ministry of Education and Research, the Joint Federal Committee, and The German Parkinson Foundation, all outside the submitted work. EK received honoraria from the companies EISAI GmbH, Germany, memodio GmbH, Germany, Desitin GmbH, Germany, and Prolog GmbH, Germany, all outside the submitted work. WM has no conflict of interest. CH has no conflict of interest.