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Article History

Received: 27 January 2025

Revised: 21 March 2025

Accepted: 23 March 2025

First Online: 12 April 2025

Declarations

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: Dr. Leavitt received honoraria as consultant on advisory boards, and as a reviewer for the National Institutes of Health and the United States Department of Defense. Dr. Mostert reports no disclosures. Dr. Comtois reports no disclosures. Dr. Moral received honoraria as consultant in advisory boards, and or as chairperson or lecturer in meetings, or travel support from Actelion, Almirall, Bayer, Biogen-Idec, Bristol Myers Squibb, Merck-Serono, Teva, Novartis Roche and Sanofi-Genzyme. Dr. Brieva received honoraria from serving as a speaker and / or as a consultant in advisory boards from Bayer, Teva, Celgene, Biogen, Sanofi, Merck-Serono, Novartis, Roche, Allmiral, Bristol Myers Squibb, and Janssen. Dr. Repovic received consulting and/or speaking honoraria from Alexion, Biogen, Celgene, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme, Viela, and EMD Serono. Dr. Bowen received honoraria from serving on the scientific advisory board and speaker’s bureau of Biogen, Celgene, EMD Serono, Genentech and Novartis. He has received research support from AbbVie Inc, Alexion, Alkermes, Biogen, Celgene, Sanofi Genzyme, Genentech, Novartis, and TG Therapeutics. Dr. Strijbis reports no disclosures. Prof. Cutter served on Data and Safety Monitoring Boards: Astra-Zeneca, Avexis Pharmaceuticals, Biolinerx, Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics, Bristol Meyers Squibb/Celgene, CSL Behring, Galmed Pharmaceuticals, Horizon Pharmaceuticals, Hisun Pharmaceuticals, Mapi Pharmaceuticals LTD, Merck, Merck/Pfizer, Opko Biologics, OncoImmune, Neurim, Novartis, Ophazyme, Sanofi-Aventis, Reata Pharmaceuticals, Teva Pharmaceuticals, VielaBio Inc, Vivus, NHLBI (Protocol Review Committee), NICHD (OPRU oversight committee). Consulting or Advisory Boards: Biodelivery Sciences International, Biogen, Click Therapeutics, Genzyme, Genentech, GW Pharmaceuticals, Immunic, Klein-Buendel Incorporated, Medimmune, Medday, Neurogenesis LTD, Novartis, Osmotica Pharmaceuticals, Perception Neurosciences, Recursion/Cerexis Pharmaceuticals, Roche, TG Therapeutics. Dr. Cutter is employed by the University of Alabama at Birmingham and President of Pythagoras, Inc. a private consulting company located in Birmingham AL. Dr. Koch received consulting fees and travel support from Biogen, Novartis, Roche, Sanofi Genzyme and EMD Serono.