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Article History

Received: 27 January 2025

Revised: 27 March 2025

Accepted: 13 April 2025

First Online: 23 April 2025

Declarations

:

: Todd Schwedt, within the prior 24 months, has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Amgen, Eli Lilly, Linpharma, Lundbeck, Salvia BioElectronics, Scilex, and Theranica and royalties from UpToDate. He holds/held stock options in Aural Analytics and Nocira. He has received research funding from the American Heart Association, Henry Jackson Foundation, National Headache Foundation, National Institutes of Health, Patient Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Pfizer, Spark Neuro, and United States Department of Defense. Dr. Schwedt serves on the editorial boards of Cephalalgia and the Journal of Headache and Pain. Dr. Li and Dr. Chong have received NIH grants for support for research or education. Dr. Chong and Dr. Dumkrieger have received Amgen grant support for research. Dr. Wu serves as editor in chief of the Journal of Alzheimer’s disease. Dr. Starling has received consulting fees from AbbVie, Allergan, Amgen, Amneal, Axsome Therapeutics, Eli Lilly, eNeura, Everyday Health, Impel, Lundbeck, MedIQ, Medscape, Miller Medical, Neurolief, Novartis, Pfizer, Salvia, Satsuma, Teva, Theranica, and WebMD. Dr. Nikolova, Dr. Thomas, Dr. Esterov, Mr. Leonard, Miss Smith and Dr. Ross have nothing to disclose.

: This study was approved by the Mayo Clinic, Phoenix VA, and DOD Institutional Review Boards.

: Obtained.

: All participants completed an informed consent process and signed informed consent forms.