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Article History

Received: 21 January 2025

Revised: 21 April 2025

Accepted: 25 April 2025

First Online: 22 May 2025

Declarations

:

: AbbVie participated in the study design, research, analysis, data collection, interpretation of data, reviewing, and approval of the publication. No honoraria or payments were made for authorship. AP, CHY, MBS, PK, and AS are employees of AbbVie (and MS is a former employee of AbbVie) and may hold stock. TB is an employee of ICON Plc and, at the time of the analysis, KW was an employee of Lumanity: both of which received research funds from AbbVie to conduct this study. JA has received research funding from Biogen, Teva, Abbvie, Roche, Lundbeck, Parkinson’s Foundation, Boston Scientific, Bial, UCB, Neurocrine, PhotoPharmics/Univ Rochester, Annovis, Sage, Aptinyx, Quadralynx, Takeda, Praxis; consulting fees from Supernus, Abbvie, Boston Scientific; and previously received honoraria from Abbvie, Teva, Neurocrine. MS has received advisory/consulting fees from AbbVie, Abbott, Amneal Pharmaceuticals, Merz therapeutics, Medtronic, Neurocrine, Supernus; research support from AbbVie, Cerevel therapeutics, Cerevance, CND Lifesciences, Intra-cellular Therapies, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Praxis Precision Medicine, Scion, and Teva; served on the speaking bureau for AbbVie, Amneal pharmaceuticals, Biogen, and Kyowa Kiran; and received grant support from the HDSA. RK: has received consulting fees or honoraria from AbbVie, Annexon, Cerevel Therapeutics, Roche/Genentech, Supernus Pharmaceuticals, and Teva Pharmaceuticals; is a member of the speakers'bureau for Kyowa Kirin and Teva Pharmaceuticals; has stock ownership in CenExel Clinical Research Holdings and Research Catalyst, LLC; and has received research grant support from AbbVie, Alexa Pharmaceuticals, Annexon Biosciences, Annovis, Bial, Biogen, Biohaven, Biovie, Cerevance, Cerevel Therapeutics, CHDI Foundation, CND Life Sciences, Cognition Therapeutics, Eli Lilly, Ferrer, Lundbeck, Neurocrine Biosciences, Neuroderm, Ono pharmaceuticals, Prilenia Therapeutics, PTC Therapeutics, Roche, Sage Therapeutics, Scion Neurostim, Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Transposon Therapeutics, UCB, Uniqure Biopharma, and Vigil Neuroscience.

: Full ethics review and approval were obtained from the institutional review board and were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. All participants gave their informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study.