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Article History

Received: 31 March 2025

Revised: 13 May 2025

Accepted: 16 May 2025

First Online: 3 June 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no competing interest regarding the present manuscript. EC has received honoraria from Novartis, Chiesi, Lundbeck, MedScape, Lilly, TEVA, Dr Reddy’s; his salary has been partially funded by Río Hortega grant Acción Estratégica en Salud 2017–2020 from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CM20/00217) and Juan Rodés fellowship, Subprograma Estatal de Incorporación de la Acción Estratégica en Salud 2023 (JR23/00065). He is a junior editor for Cephalalgia. AJ has received honoraria from Lilly, TEVA, Lundbeck and Abbvie. AMV has received honoraria for advisory board participation, consultancy, scientific communications, research support, and funding for travel and congress attendance from Teva, Lilly, Roche, UCB, Bial, Chiesi, Abbvie, Esai, Zambon, Kern Pharma, Pfizer, Janssen, Biogen Idec, BMS, Novartis, TEVA, Merck, Neuraxpharm, Genzyme, Sanofi, Bayer, Almirall and/or Celgene. A. S–S has received fees from TEVA for sponsored lectures. ABG-V has received speaker honoraria and/or clinical advisor from Novartis, Lilly, TEVA, Exeltis, Chiesi, Abbvie, Pfizer, Dr. Reddy´s and Lundbeck. SC received honoraria for participating on advisory boards and for collaborations as consultants and scientific communications; they also received research support as well as funding for travel and congress-attending expenses from Teva, Lilly, Roche, UCB, Kern Pharma, Pfizer, Biogen Idec, Novartis, TEVA, Merck, Genzyme, Sanofi, Bayer, Almirall, and Celgene. M-L. C has been involved as a consultant or lecturer for Novartis, Lundbeck and Teva. AL. GP has participated in Advisory Boards: Abbvie, Elly Lilly, Lundbeck, Organon, Pfizer, TEVA. Speaker boards: Abbvie, Elly Lilly, Exeltis, Lundbeck, TEVA. MHV received honoraria for participating on advisory boards and for collaborations as consultant, scientific communications, speaker, research support as well as funding for travel and congress attending expenses from AbbVie, Novartis, Lilly, TEVA, Lundbeck, Dr Reddy's, Pfizer, Almirall, Chiesi, Esai, Kern Pharma and Zambon. PP-R has received, in the last 3 years, honoraria as a consultant and speaker from AbbVie, Amgen, Dr Reddy’s, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Medscape, Novartis, Organon, Pfizer and Teva Pharmaceuticals. Her research group has received research grants from AbbVie, AGAUR, EraNet Neuron, FEDER RIS3CAT, Instituto Investigación Carlos III, MICINN, Novartis, and Teva Pharmaceuticals, and has received funding for clinical trials from AbbVie, Amgen, Biohaven, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Novartis, Pfizer and Teva Pharmaceuticals. She is the Honorary Secretary of the International Headache Society, is an associate editor for Cephalalgia and Neurologia. She is a member of the Clinical Trials Guidelines Committee of the International Headache Society. PJG reports, over the last 36 months, grants from Kallyope, and personal fees from Aeon Biopharma, Abbvie, Amgen, Aurene, CoolTech LLC, Eli-Lilly and Company, Linpharma, Lundbeck, Pfizer, PureTech Health LLC, Satsuma, Shiratronics, Teva Pharmaceuticals, Tremeau, and Vial; personal fees for advice through Gerson Lehrman Group, Guidepoint, SAI Med Partners and Vector Metric; fees for educational materials from CME Outfitters and WebMD; publishing royalties or fees from Massachusetts Medical Society, Oxford University Press, UptoDate and Wolters Kluwer; and a patent magnetic stimulation for headache (No. WO2016090333 A1) assigned to eNeura without fee. A.G.M has received speaker honoraria from TEVA, Lilly and Altermedica. Her salary has been partially funded by Río Hortega grant Acción Estratégica en Salud from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CM21/00178) and Juan Rodés fellowship, Subprograma Estatal de Incorporación de la Acción Estratégica en Salud 2023 (JR23/00005). She is the principal investigator of the Research Project funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant number PI24/01085) and co-funded by FEDER and FSE. She is board member of the Future Headache Experts of the European Headache Federation, secretary of the Residents and Research Fellows (RRFS) of the European Academy of Neurology (EAN) and coordinator of the junior Headache Group of the Spanish Society of Neurology (jGECSEN).

: Consent for publication was obtained from patients participating in the present study. Details that might disclose the identity of the subjects under study should be omitted.

: Ethics approval and consent to participate was obtained from the institutional ethics committee of Hospital Universitario de la Princesa (Number: 4563) and the project has been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.